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Tuesday, March 28, 2006

Theory

Continuous or Discontinuous Development



Contexts

Nature-Nurture Controversy
John Locke: tabula rasa
Rousseau: noble savages

Freud's Psychosexual Theory
-Id, Ego, and Superego


-Psychosexual Development: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital stages
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Behaviorism
Social Learning Theory
Behavior Modification

Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory
Information Processing
Ethology
critical periods and sensitive periods


Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

culture and social interaction

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory



Image link

Dynamic systems perspective

Gathering information

Naturalistic Observation
Structured observations


Self report:
Clinical interviews
Structured interviews

Psychophysiological Methods

Clinical (case study) method

Ethnography
Participant observation


Correlational design
Correlation Coeffiecient



Image link



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Experimental Design

Independent variable
Dependent variable

Random assignment

Longitudinal Design
Cross-sectional Design
Cohort effects

Ethics

Informed Consent
Debriefing

Chapter 2

Genotype
Phenotype
Chromosomes
Sex chromosomes
Autosomes
Zygote

Monozygotic (identical) and Dizygotic (fraternal) twins

Genetic counseling
Prenatal diagnostic methods

Amniocentesis

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Ultrasound

Ultrasound testing as a business

Maternal blood analysis

Donor insemination
In vitro fertilization
(egg retrieval)
Surrogate Motherhood

Parents
responsiveness and reasonable demands for mature behavior

Socioeconomic status

Extended family households

collectivist and individualistic societies

Public policies

Behavioral genetics
Heritability estimates
Kinship studies
Concordance rates
range of reaction
canalization

Genetic-environmental correlation
passive
evocative
active (niche picking)

Sources for images
continuous development
discontinuous
Id, ego, and superego
Psychosexual stages
What is development? (from The Psychology Tutor)
Berk Companion Web Site